Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter are usually multidrug-resistant. In , carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter caused an estimated 8, infections in hospitalized patients and estimated deaths in the United States [ Source: AR Threats Report ].
Acinetobacter infections typically occur in people in healthcare settings. People most at risk include patients in hospitals, especially those who:.
In the United States, Acinetobacter infections rarely occur outside of healthcare settings. However, people who have weakened immune systems, chronic lung disease, or diabetes may be more susceptible. Acinetobacte r can live for long periods of time on environmental surfaces and shared equipment if they are not properly cleaned. The germs can spread from one person to another through contact with these contaminated surfaces or equipment or though person to person spread, often via contaminated hands.
In addition to hand hygiene, healthcare providers should pay careful attention to recommended infection control practices, including rigorous environmental cleaning e.
Acinetobacter infections are generally treated with antibiotics. To identify the best antibiotic to treat a specific infection, healthcare providers will send a specimen often called a culture to the laboratory and test any bacteria that grow against a set of antibiotics to determine which are active against the germ. The provider will then select an antibiotic based on the activity of the antibiotic and other factors, like potential side effects or interactions with other drugs. Unfortunately, many Acinetobacter germs are resistant to many antibiotics, including carbapenems, which makes them difficult to treat with available antibiotics.
Additionally, CDC works closely with partners, including public health departments, other federal agencies, healthcare providers, and patients, to prevent healthcare infections and to slow the spread of resistant germs. Crit Care Nurse. Comparison of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from the United Kingdom and the United States that were associated with repatriated casualties of the Iraq conflict.
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J Infect. Global assessment of the antimicrobial activity of polymyxin B against 54 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance programme Clin Microbiol Infect. High rates of resistance to colistin and polymyxin B in subgroups of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Korea. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii : mechanisms of virulence and resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents. Attributable mortality of nosocomial Acinetobacter bacteremia.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. Clinical and economic impact of multidrug resistance in nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infection mortality rate and length of hospitalization. Risk factors and impact of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections in the adult intensive care unit: a case-control study. Careful attention to hand hygiene and environmental cleaning can reduce the risk of spread. People who work in hospitals and other healthcare settings follow special infection control measures to prevent the spread of these bacteria.
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