Why papers are retracted

Viral pathogenicity determinants are suppressors of transgene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation.

Therefore, the citation count using just those two values can be lower than the total citation count for each article listed by WoS. Those eagle-eyed readers may notice that the column headings have been changed slightly; this was to better reflect the criteria causing the discrepancy in total counts. Skip to content. Source: Oxford University Press , July. OED online. Reasons for retractions. Retractions frequently occur because of research misconduct. Research misconduct is defined by the National Science Foundation as one or all of the following:.

Retractions can also occur because of dishonest or unethical behavior that does not fall under commonly accepted definitions of research misconduct. Such behavior may include:. Retractions do not always indicate that research misconduct or unethical actions occurred. Articles may also be retracted for the following reasons:. Source: National Science Foundation Research misconduct. Identifying retracted articles.

When finding articles or publications in a database, a brief record for a work may indicate if it is retracted Image 1 , and the work may have a "retracted" label or watermark on its content Image 2.

Sometimes the retracted work may include a link to a publication's editorial board's retraction notice, or the retracted work may have the reasons for the retraction. The editorial board may also release a retraction notice to publicize the reasons for the retraction Image 3 separately from the retracted work. Image 1. Image 2. Image 3. Searching Databases for Retracted Publications or Articles. Give us your feedback! We hate spam too. We promise to protect your privacy and never spam you.

When Should a Paper be Retracted? All about Plagiarism Retractions. Reading time 2 minutes. Author Enago Academy. You might also like. Publishing Research.