For Clinicians. Minus Related Pages. On This Page. Causes of Conjunctivitis Causes of Newborn Conjunctivitis. Related Links. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. CDC is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private website. Cancel Continue. Most clinics, health centers and private doctors do HIV counseling and testing. To find out where you can get free, anonymous HIV testing with same day results near you, call You're at risk if you: Have sex any kind of sex - vaginal, anal, or oral without using a condom, with someone who is infected.
Share needles or works to shoot drugs or for piercing or tattooing. Have had an STD. Have more than one sex partner. Are under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Many women have STDs without having symptoms. This means that unless she gets tested, she may have an STD and not know it. Avoid or put off having sex.
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How tall is Pinky Cheung? When was Pinky Pye created? When was Pinky Pinkerton created? When was Pinky Hargrave born? When did Pinky Hargrave die? If neurosyphilis is suspected, regardless of the stage of syphilis, a spinal tap Spinal Tap Diagnostic procedures may be needed to confirm a diagnosis suggested by the medical history and neurologic examination.
Electroencephalography EEG is a simple, painless procedure in which Avoidance of unsafe sex practices, such as frequently changing sex partners or having sexual intercourse with prostitutes or with partners who have other sex partners. Identification of the sexual contacts of infected people, followed by counseling or treatment of these contacts. Not having sex anal, vaginal, or oral is the most reliable way to prevent STDs but is often unrealistic. Penicillin given by injection into a muscle is the best antibiotic for primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis.
For primary, secondary, and early-latent stages of syphilis, one dose of a long-acting penicillin is all that is needed. For late-latent stage and some forms of the tertiary stage, three doses are given, separated by 1 week. If syphilis affects the eyes, inner ears, or brain, penicillin may be given intravenously every 4 hours for 10 to 14 days. Then, another form of penicillin is given by injection into a muscle once a week for up to 3 weeks.
People who are allergic to penicillin may be given other antibiotics such as doxycycline taken by mouth for 14 days or sometimes for 28 days.
People who cannot take doxycycline may be given azithromycin as a single dose by mouth. However, in some parts of the world, syphilis is becoming increasingly resistant to azithromycin.
Pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin are hospitalized and desensitized to penicillin Allergen immunotherapy desensitization Allergic reactions hypersensitivity reactions are inappropriate responses of the immune system to a normally harmless substance.
Usually, allergies make people sneeze; the eyes water and itch Because people with primary, secondary, and even early-latent syphilis can pass the infection to others, they must avoid sexual contact until they and their sex partners have completed treatment. If a person is diagnosed with syphilis, all of the person's sex partners are tested for syphilis. The sex partners are treated in the following circumstances:. They had sexual contact with the infected person during the 90 days before the diagnosis was made, even if their test results are negative.
They had sexual contact with the infected person more than 90 days before the diagnosis was made but only if their test results are not immediately available and their return for a follow-up visit is uncertain. If their test results are negative, no treatment is needed.
If test results are positive, they are treated. Many people with syphilis in an early stage, especially those with secondary syphilis, develop a reaction 6 to 12 hours after the first treatment. This reaction, called a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, causes fever, headache, sweating, shaking chills, and a temporary worsening of the sores caused by syphilis. Doctors sometimes mistake this reaction for an allergic reaction to penicillin.
Symptoms of this reaction usually subside within 24 hours and rarely cause permanent damage. However, rarely, people with neurosyphilis have seizures or a stroke. After treatment, examinations and blood tests are done periodically until no infection is detected. If treatment of primary, secondary, or latent syphilis is successful, most people have no more symptoms. But treatment of tertiary syphilis cannot reverse damage done to organs, such as the brain or aorta.
People with such damage usually do not improve after treatment. The following English-language resource may be useful.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Syphilis. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Manual was first published in as a service to the community. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Common Health Topics. Commonly searched drugs.
Transmission of syphilis. Primary syphilis Secondary syphilis Latent syphilis Tertiary third, or late syphilis Other symptoms. Treatment of sex partners Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction After treatment.
More Information. Test your knowledge. Ebola and Marburg virus infections are extremely serious and frequently fatal. Like other viruses in the class known as filoviruses, Ebola and Marburg infections cause extensive bleeding.
More Content. Syphilis By Sheldon R. Click here for the Professional Version. Doctors usually do two types of blood tests to confirm that a person has syphilis. Being infected with HIV. People with syphilis often have other sexually transmitted diseases STDs. Primary syphilis. The stages are separated by periods when no symptoms occur latent stage.
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