Courtesy Library of Congress. The PWA solicited proposals for projects from around the country, and it received some doozies. He didn't want to build anything, just wanted to spread out bibles. There was a mayor who thought maybe his office could be redecorated with PWA money. But Leighninger says most proposals weren't silly. Some of the projects would be built by the federal government alone, and others were done in partnership with local governments. The PWA was criticized for being too slow to get started.
Part of the problem was that large public works projects require planning before shovels can go into the dirt. And part of the problem was that the program's director, Harold Ickes, was so scrupulous about vetting the proposals. Leighninger tells the story of Ickes inserting passages of Alice in Wonderland into a proposal, to see whether his staff would read it thoroughly enough to notice.
They didn't, and he let them have it. PWA projects did not immediately turn the economy around, so Roosevelt turned to other programs, such as the Civil Works Administration, followed by the Works Progress Administration ; these programs could do smaller projects that were quicker to set up. The FDIC, or Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, is an agency created in during the depths of the Great Depression to protect bank depositors and ensure a level of trust in the American banking system.
After the stock market crash of , anxious people withdrew their Roosevelt in , created Social Security, a federal safety net for elderly, unemployed and disadvantaged Americans. The main stipulation of the original Social Security Act was to pay financial benefits to The Civilian Conservation Corps CCC was a work relief program that gave millions of young men employment on environmental projects during the Great Depression.
The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from to It began after the stock market crash of October , which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several The Dust Bowl was the name given to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period in the s.
As high winds and choking dust swept the region from Texas to Nebraska, people and livestock were killed and During the Great Depression, with much of the United States mired in grinding poverty and unemployment, some Americans found increased opportunities in criminal activities like bootlegging, robbing banks, loan-sharking—even murder. Organized Crime in the Prohibition Era The Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. What Was the WPA?
Federal One also established more than community art centers throughout the country. At least other PWA projects were begun or completed by the end of The PWA's presence in Oklahoma was ubiquitous, and the following summary offers only a small sample of its projects. It funded waterworks and sewage disposal systems in at least sixty communities. More than one hundred school buildings, school additions, and entertainment facilities were erected, most in small towns. Cushing got a new electric generating plant, and Ponca City got a library building.
Road and bridge construction received a large share of Oklahoma's PWA allotments. The Public Works Administration continued its activities for ten years. During and its funds were increasingly redirected away from civic improvements and toward defense construction, including military air bases. Short and R. The PWA-specific approach had to wait for its moment. They linger and grow at the peripheries, becoming old-hat to a tiny group while remaining nearly invisible to everyone else.
Until someone names them. Walled gardens with terrible search, dubious security, and the endless tax of updates - it felt so s. In , Berriman and Russell observed a new class of websites that were providing a better user experience than traditional web applications.
All of these applications were characterized by one common feature: they gave up the browser's tabs to live on their own while maintaining their ubiquity and linkability. After their official debut, PWAs were perceived as The Next Big Thing in the tech world but - just like it was with the "Year of Mobile" - nothing changed overnight, even when two key players made an alliance to accelerate PWA adoption.
Google and Microsoft have been rivals in the technological arms race for decades, but when it came to the PWA standard, they decided to work side by side. Microsoft's decision seems especially worth noting, considering the Giant from Redmond was able to take a step back and sacrifice its idea of a Universal Windows Platform to make room for PWAs - the concept introduced by Google.
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